sudo apt update sudo apt install gcc-avr avr-libc avrdude binutils-avr That's it. You now have avr-as , avr-ld , avr-objcopy , and avrdude . Install Homebrew first, then:
RESET: ; Set PB5 as output sbi DDRB, 5
avrasm2 -fI blink.asm If you get no errors and see a blink.hex file – Uploading Your First Assembled Program You need a programmer. The cheapest is an Arduino Uno running "Arduino as ISP" sketch. Then use avrdude : avr assembler download
avr-gcc -mmcu=atmega328p -c blink.asm -o blink.o avr-gcc -mmcu=atmega328p blink.o -o blink.elf avr-objcopy -O ihex blink.elf blink.hex Or using original AVRASM32:
; Blink LED on PB5 (Arduino Uno pin 13) – ATmega328P .nolist .include "m328pdef.inc" ; Register names .list .org 0x0000 rjmp RESET sudo apt update sudo apt install gcc-avr avr-libc
AVR Assembler is the lowest level of human-readable code for Atmel (now Microchip) AVR microcontrollers—the brains inside Arduino Uno (ATmega328P), Nano, and many custom boards. While most people use Arduino's C++ environment, learning Assembly gives you absolute control over every clock cycle, every register, and every byte of memory.
Now go download. Make that LED blink in pure Assembly. You'll never look at digitalWrite() the same way again. Last updated: 2025. Toolchain versions change, but the GNU assembler for AVR has been stable for 15+ years. If a link is dead, search for "avr-gcc" on your OS's package manager. The cheapest is an Arduino Uno running "Arduino
Now assemble it using GNU toolchain: