[ G_sa = \fracM₄V_p - C - (B - M₄) ] Where ( B - M₄ ) = water absorbed.

B = 500 g, Vp = 450 mL, C = 340 mL → Bulk SSD = 500/(110) = 4.54 (impossible – sand ~2.6). This shows C should be ~ Vp – (B/2.6).

For G~2.62, SSD mass 500 g → displaced water = 500/2.62 = 191 mL. If pycnometer volume = 450 mL, then water added C = 450 – 191 = 259 mL. Then Bulk SSD = 500/(450-259) = 500/191 = 2.62 ✅.

Then: [ G_sb(SSD) = \fracBV_p - C ]

[ G_sb(SSD) = \frac\textSSD mass\textSSD mass - (\textmass pycnometer + water to mark - mass pycnometer + SSD agg + water) ] Actually, simplified: